Unyaka ngamunye, umuntu waseMelika ojwayelekile usebenzisa amakhilogremu angaphezu kuka-250 emfucumfucu yepulasitiki, iningi layo eliphuma emaphaketheni.Senzenjani ngakho konke lokhu?
Amathini kadoti ayingxenye yesixazululo, kodwa abaningi bethu abaqondi ukuthi kufanele bafake ini lapho.Okugaywa kabusha emphakathini owodwa kungase kube udoti komunye.
Lolu cwaningo olusebenzisanayo lubheka ezinye zezinhlelo zokugaywa kabusha kwepulasitiki ezihloselwe ukwelashwa futhi luchaza ukuthi kungani amanye amaphakheji epulasitiki kungafanele aphonswe kudoti.
Esitolo siyithole ihlanganisa imifino, inyama noshizi.Kuvamile kodwa akukwazi ukuphinda kusetshenziswe ngoba kunzima ukulahla ezindaweni zokubuyisela izinto ezibonakalayo (MRFs).I-MRF ihlunga, ipakishe futhi ithengise izinto eziqoqwe emakhaya, emahhovisi nakwezinye izindawo ngezinhlelo zomphakathi nezizimele zokugaywa kabusha.Ifilimu ivimbe imishini, okubangele ukuthi umsebenzi ume.
Amapulasitiki amancane, cishe amayintshi angu-3 noma ngaphansi, angabangela izinkinga lapho kugaywa kabusha okokusebenza.Iziqeshana zezikhwama zesinkwa, okokusonga amaphilisi, izikhwama ze-condiment ezilahlwayo - zonke lezi zingxenye ezincane ziyabhajwa noma ziwe emabhande namagiya omshini we-MRF.Ngenxa yalokho, baphathwa njengodoti.Izisetshenziswa ze-tampon zepulasitiki azikwazi ukuphinda zisetshenziswe, zilahlwa nje.
Lolu hlobo lwephakheji lwacaba ebhandeni lokuthutha le-MRF futhi lagcina lingahlelwanga kahle futhi lixutshwe nephepha, okwenza lonke ibhali lingathengiseki.
Ngisho noma izikhwama ziqoqwa futhi zihlukaniswa ngabasebenza kabusha, akekho ozozithenga ngoba awukho umkhiqizo owusizo noma imakethe yokugcina yalolu hlobo lwepulasitiki okwamanje.
Ukupakisha okuguquguqukayo, njengezikhwama ze-chips zamazambane, kwenziwa ngezingqimba zezinhlobo ezihlukahlukene zepulasitiki, ngokuvamile nge-aluminium enamathela.Akunakwenzeka ukuhlukanisa kalula izendlalelo futhi uthwebule i-resin oyifunayo.
Ayisebenzi kabusha.Izinkampani ezigaya kabusha ama-oda e-imeyili njenge-TerraCycle zithi zizobuyisela ezinye zalezi zinto.
Njengokupakishwa okuguquguqukayo, lezi ziqukathi zibeka inselele ezimisweni zokugaywa kabusha ngoba zenziwe ngezinhlobo eziningana ezahlukene zepulasitiki: ilebula enamathelayo ecwebezelayo iwuhlobo olulodwa lwepulasitiki, isivalo sokuphepha singolunye, kanti amagiya ajikayo angolunye uhlobo lwepulasitiki.
Lezi izinhlobo zezinto uhlelo lokugaywa kabusha oluklanyelwe ukuzicubungula.Iziqukathi ziqinile, azisicaba njengephepha, futhi zenziwe ngepulasitiki abakhiqizi abangazidayisela kalula izinto ezinjengokhaphethi, izingubo zoboya, ngisho namabhodlela epulasitiki amaningi.
Ngokuqondene nezingubo zokugqoka, ezinye izinkampani ezihlelayo zilindele ukuthi abantu bazigqoke, kanti ezinye zidinga ukuthi abantu bazikhumule.Lokhu kuncike ekutheni iyiphi impahla etholakala endaweni yangakini yokugaywa kabusha.Izivalo zingaba yingozi uma uzigcina zivuliwe futhi i-MRF ingakwazi ukuzibamba.Amabhodlela angaphansi kwengcindezi ephezulu ngesikhathi sokuhlunga nokupakishwa, okungabangela ukuthi amakepisi aphuke ngesivinini esikhulu, okungase kubangele ukulimala kubasebenzi.Kodwa-ke, amanye ama-MRF angase athwebule futhi asebenzise kabusha lawa makepisi.Buza ukuthi isikhungo sakho sendawo sikhetha ini.
Amabhodlela anamakepisi noma izimbobo ezinosayizi ofanayo noma ezincane kunesisekelo sebhodlela angagaywa kabusha.Amabhodlela asetshenziselwa okokuhlanza izingubo kanye nemikhiqizo yokunakekelwa komuntu siqu njenge-shampoo nensipho angasetshenziswa kabusha.Uma ithiphu lesifutho liqukethe isiphethu sensimbi, lisuse futhi ulilahle kudoti.Cishe ingxenye yesithathu yawo wonke amabhodlela epulasitiki agaywa kabusha abe yimikhiqizo emisha.
Ama-Flip top enziwe ngohlobo olufanayo lwepulasitiki njengamabhodlela eziphuzo, kodwa akuwona wonke ama-recycler angakwazi ukuwaphatha.Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi ukwakheka kwegobolondo le-clamshell kuthinta ukwakheka kwepulasitiki, okwenza kube nzima ukugaywa kabusha.
Ungase uqaphele ukuthi umbhede nezinye izitsha zepulasitiki eziningi zinenombolo ngaphakathi kukanxantathu ngomcibisholo.Lolu hlelo lwezinombolo ukusuka ku-1 kuye ku-7 lubizwa ngokuthi ikhodi yokuhlonza inhlaka.Yasungulwa ngasekupheleni kwawo-1980 ukusiza abacubungula (hhayi abathengi) ukuhlonza uhlobo lwe-resin ipulasitiki eyenziwe ngayo.Lokhu akusho ngempela ukuthi into ingaphinda isetshenziswe.
Angakwazi ukugaywa kabusha eceleni komgwaqo, kodwa hhayi njalo.Kuhlole khona lapho.Hlanza ubhavu ngaphambi kokuwubeka ethreyini.
Lezi zitsha zivame ukuphawulwa ngo-5 ngaphakathi kukanxantathu.Obhavu bavame ukwenziwa ngengxube yamapulasitiki ahlukene.Lokhu kwenza kube nzima kuma-recyclers ukudayisela izinkampani ezingathanda ukusebenzisa uhlobo olulodwa lwepulasitiki ukuze zikhiqize.
Nokho, lokhu akunjalo ngaso sonke isikhathi.I-Waste Management, okuyinkampani eqoqa udoti negaya kabusha, ithe isebenzisana nomkhiqizi oguqule iyogathi, ukhilimu omuncu namathini ebhotela abe amakani opende, phakathi kokunye.
I-styrofoam, njengaleso esisetshenziswa ekufakweni kwenyama noma emakhathoni amaqanda, siwumoya.Kudingeka umshini okhethekile ukuze kukhishwe umoya futhi kuhlanganiswe impahla ibe ama-patties noma izingcezu ezizothengiswa kabusha.Le mikhiqizo enegwebu ayinanani elincane ngoba kuncane kakhulu okusalayo ngemva kokukhishwa komoya.
Inqwaba yamadolobha ase-US avimbe igwebu lepulasitiki.Kulo nyaka nje, izifundazwe zaseMaine naseMaryland ziphasise ukuvinjelwa kweziqukathi zokudla ze-polystyrene.
Nokho, eminye imiphakathi ineziteshi ezigaya kabusha i-styrofoam engenziwa ibe ukubunjwa namafreyimu ezithombe.
Izikhwama zepulasitiki - njengalezo ezisetshenziselwa ukugoqa isinkwa, amaphephandaba kanye nezinhlamvu, kanye nezikhwama zamasemishi, izikhwama zokuhlanza ezomile, nezikhwama zegrosa - zibeka izinselelo ezifanayo nefilimu yepulasitiki uma iqhathaniswa nemishini yokugaya kabusha.Kodwa-ke, izikhwama nama-wrapper, njengamathawula ephepha, kungabuyiselwa esitolo ukuze kugaywe kabusha.Amafilimu epulasitiki azacile awakwazi.
Amaketanga amakhulu okudla ezweni lonke, okuhlanganisa i-Walmart kanye ne-Target, anemigqomo yezikhwama zepulasitiki eyi-18,000.Laba bathengisi bathumela ipulasitiki kuma-recyclers abasebenzisa impahla emikhiqizweni efana ne-laminate flooring.
Amalebula e-How2Recycle avela emikhiqizweni eminingi ezitolo zegrosa.Idalwe yi-Sustainable Packaging Coalition kanye nenhlangano engenzi nzuzo yokugaya kabusha ebizwa ngokuthi i-GreenBlue, ilebula ihlose ukunikeza abathengi imiyalelo ecacile mayelana nokusetshenziswa kabusha kokupakisha.UGreenBlue uthi kunamalebula angaphezu kuka-2,500 asakazwa emikhiqizweni kusukela emabhokisini okusanhlamvu kuya kokuhlanza izitsha zezindlu zangasese.
Ama-MRF ahluka kakhulu.Ezinye izimali ezihlanganyelwe zixhaswa kahle njengengxenye yezinkampani ezinkulu.Ezinye zazo ziphethwe omasipala.Okunye okungamabhizinisi amancane azimele.
Izinto ezigaywe kabusha ezihlukanisiwe zicindezelwa emabhaleni futhi zidayiselwa izinkampani ezisebenzisa kabusha izinto zokwakha ezinye izimpahla, njengezingubo noma ifenisha, noma ezinye iziqukathi zepulasitiki.
Izincomo zokugaywa kabusha zingabonakala zingenangqondo kakhulu ngoba ibhizinisi ngalinye lisebenza ngendlela ehlukile.Banemishini ehlukene kanye nezimakethe ezahlukene zepulasitiki, futhi lezi zimakethe zihlala zishintsha.
Ukugaywa kabusha yibhizinisi lapho imikhiqizo isengozini yokuguquguquka ezimakethe zemikhiqizo.Kwesinye isikhathi ishibhile ngabapakishi ukwenza imikhiqizo ngepulasitiki engasasebenzi kunokuthenga ipulasitiki egaywe kabusha.
Esinye sezizathu ezenza ukupakishwa okuningi kwepulasitiki kugcine sekufakwe izishisi, izindawo zokulahla imfucumfucu kanye nolwandle ukuthi ayihloselwe ukuthi igaywe kabusha.Abaqhubi be-MRF bathi basebenzisana nabakhiqizi ukuze bakhe amaphakheji angaphinda asetshenziswe ngaphakathi kwamakhono esistimu yamanje.
Futhi asigayisi kabusha ngendlela esingakhona ngayo.Amabhodlela epulasitiki, isibonelo, awumkhiqizo ofiselekayo kwabagaya kabusha, kodwa cishe ingxenye eyodwa kwezintathu yawo wonke amabhodlela epulasitiki agcina esemathini kadoti.
Okusho ukuthi, hhayi "i-loop yezifiso."Ungalahli izinto ezifana nezibani, amabhethri, imfucuza yezokwelapha, namanabukeni ezingane emigqonyeni kadoti eseceleni komgwaqo.(Kodwa-ke, ezinye zalezi zinto zingagaywa kabusha kusetshenziswa uhlelo oluhlukile. Sicela uhlole endaweni.)
Ukugaywa kabusha kusho ukubamba iqhaza ekuhwebeni kwezilahlwa zomhlaba.Njalo ngonyaka ukuhweba kwethula amakhulu ezigidi zamathani epulasitiki.Ngo-2018, i-China yayeka ukungenisa iningi lemfucuza yayo yepulasitiki evela e-US, ngakho manje lonke uchungechunge lokukhiqiza amapulasitiki - kusukela embonini kawoyela kuya kuma-recyclers - ingaphansi kwengcindezi yokuthola ukuthi yenzeni ngakho.
Ukugaywa kabusha kukodwa ngeke kuyixazulule inkinga yemfucuza, kodwa abaningi bakubona njengengxenye ebalulekile yesu eliphelele elihlanganisa nokunciphisa ukupakisha kanye nokushintshanisa izinto ezisetshenziswa kanye ngezinto ezingasetshenziswa kabusha.
Le nto yathunyelwa ekuqaleni ngomhla ka-21 Agasti 2019. Lokhu kuyingxenye yombukiso we-NPR othi “Plastic Wave”, ogxile kumthelela kadoti wepulasitiki endaweni ezungezile.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Jul-31-2023